Sadi sidi sharifah biography for kids

According to archaeologists and others who know such things, people have lived in the land we now know as Saudi Arabia for almost twenty thousand years—hardy, persistent people, most of whom were nomadic traders who found some way to survive the brutal desert climate of the Arabian peninsula by moving and moving and moving across the endless stretches of sands.

Orphaned at a young age, Mohammad was raised by his uncle and started his adult life as a merchant and shepherd. Mohammad and his expanding group of followers faced persecution in Mecca and eventually emigrated to Medina.

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Accepted there, Mohammad continued to preach and more and more Medinans converted. Mohammad became a leading social reformer in Medina, speaking out for the rights of the poor, and he also became leader of a group of fighters who he eventually led in victorious battle over Mecca. This split led to the formation of two fundamental denominations in Islam: Sunnis, who support the election of the caliph by the Muslim community, and Shia, who choose to follow Imams religions leaders who they believe to have been blessed by God.

Despite this internal turmoil, Abu Bakr and the next three political leaders of the Muslims continued to conquer lands and spread Islam. By the end their rule, known uniformly as the Rashidun Caliphate , Muslims controlled a vast territory including most of Persia, North Africa and the Middle East. According to tradition, the Umayyads shared a common ancestor with Mohammad.

They also moved their capital to Damascus, Syria, shifting the focus of Arab political life away from the Arabian peninsula. Hashemite leaders remained in Saudi Arabia, where they consolidated power around the westernmost section of the peninsula, known as the Hejaz. In the Saud family and their army captured re-captured Riyadh and embarked on a 30 year campaign to unify the Arabian peninsula under Saud rule.

After the War the British reneged on their promise to bin Ali of independence for his envisioned pan-Arab state and shifted their support to Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud. Saudi Arabia was economically a very poor nation when Abdul Aziz ibn Saud united its warring people. That changed abruptly in the when engineers discovered oil there.