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Kurt Koffka March 12, — November 22, was a German psychologist and professor. He was born and educated in Berlin, Germany ; he died in Northampton, Massachusetts , from coronary thrombosis. Koffka married Mira Klein , a participant in his experimental research, in , but they later divorced. Kurt Koffka's academic career began at the school of Wilhelmsgymnasium where he attended from to While studying at the University of Berlin , Koffka examined his personal colour vision in Willibald Nagel 's physiological laboratory.

Koffka later became a professor at the University of Giessen. He also studied the localization of sounds to be of aid to the army and navy. In , Koffka moved to the United States of America and retained a research professor position at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts , beginning in In , Uzbekistan was undergoing significant changes as a constituent republic of the Soviet Union , and in just over a decade saw a transition from a feudal aristocracy to a modern developing nation.

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Koffka believed that most of early learning is what he referred to as, "sensorimotor learning," which is a type of learning which occurs after a consequence. Koffka gained his initial interest in Gestalt psychology after participating in Wertheimer's phi phenomenon study. This later becomes essential to theories of Gestalt psychology which convey that complete perception is more meaningful than its individual parts put together.

The Gestalt Principles were developed to delve into how the human eye perceives visual elements. The principles help to provide ways to understand how complex visual elements can be broken down into simpler parts. The principles also try to demonstrate how the human eye perceives shapes as a single "object" instead of splitting the object into simplified components of the object being seen.

Gestalt principle of proximity discussed that visual elements close to one another will be perceived as a whole. Koffka needed to provide empirical evidence for the new theory.